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The Stone Age - Time line The following material is suggested as teaching material for teachers of history, geography, geology and archaeology and as suitable background material for projects.
Archaeologist Grahame Clark proposed in 1969 an evolutionary progression of flint-knapping industries in which the dominant lithic technologies occurred in a fixed sequence from Mode 1 to Mode 5. This scheme has been very widely adopted in archaeology internationally. The five technologies coincide with stages of human development - the first four in the Palaeolithic and the fifth in the Mesolithic. The industries are: Mode 1: the Oldowan industry; Mode 2 the Acheulian industry; Mode 3 the Mousterian industry, Mode 4 the Aurignacian industry, Mode 5, the Microlithic industry. Modes 1 and 2 took place in the Lower Palaeolithic, 3 in the Middle Palaeolithic, mode 4 in the Upper Palaeolithic and Mode 5 in the Mesolithic. Mode 5 was followed by the technology of the Neolithic. These modes were not simultaneous in different regions. Mode 1, for example, was in use in Europe long after it had been replaced by Mode 2 in Africa. The term Oldowan is taken from the site of Olduvai Gorge in
Tanzania,
where the first pebble tools were Broadly speaking, Oldowan, Mode 1 technology, is represented by crude pebble tools; Acheulian, Mode 2, by Oval biface hand axes made by Homo erectus; Mousterian, Mode 3, by smaller flat-based bifaces and Levallois tools, developed by Neanderthal humans, Aurignacian, Mode 4 includes fine flint blades and worked bone and antler tools made by the first modern humans, as well as early figures and painting, and Mode 5, Microlithic technology, involves the sophisticated manufacture and use of very small flint blades and tranchet arrowheads. Examples of these five lithic technologies and the tools made are shown here. The Stone Age
- origin and use of flint
(chert) The
Stone Age - Microlith technology The Stone Age
- Solutrean theory
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